In contrast to the study-reported results, HomVEE calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The HomVEE tests of statistical significance are based on the HomVEE calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA).
Parents as Teachers (PAT)®
Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2019
Effects shown in research
Child health
Findings rated high
262
Parents as Teachers (PAT)®
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child saw doctor for well-child care in past 6 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 365 children | % = 84.70 | % = 86.90 | = -2.20 | Study reported = -0.24 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Child saw doctor for well-child care in past 6 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 352 children | % = 56.90 | % = 57.60 | = -0.70 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Child treated for illness in the past year | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 365 children | % = 39.30 | % = 33.30 | = 6.00 | Study reported = 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Child treated for illness in the past year | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 352 children | % = 51.00 | % = 50.20 | = 0.80 | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Child went to the emergency room in the past year | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 365 children | % = 29.70 | % = 33.60 | = -3.90 | Study reported = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Child went to the emergency room in the past year | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 352 children | % = 20.30 | % = 24.50 | = -4.20 | Study reported = -0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Findings rated moderate
Parents as Teachers (PAT)®
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child saw doctor for well-child care in past 6 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Three-site sample | 265 children | % = 91.40 | % = 94.80 | = -3.40 | Study reported = -0.14 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Child was fully immunized | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Three-site sample | 265 children | % = 26.30 | % = 19.00 | = 7.30 | Study reported = 0.17 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Child went to the emergency room | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Three-site sample | 265 children | % = 38.50 | % = 50.60 | = -12.10 | Study reported = -0.24 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | In contrast to the study-reported results, HomVEE calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The HomVEE tests of statistical significance are based on the HomVEE calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA). |
Parents as Teachers (PAT)®
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child had a regular source of medical care | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
1 year | Teen mothers sample | 232 children | % = 92.00 | % = 94.10 | = -2.10 | HomVEE calculated = -0.20 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Child had a regular source of medical care | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Teen mothers sample | 192 children | % = 90.30 | % = 92.90 | = -2.60 | HomVEE calculated = -0.21 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Child saw a doctor for well-baby care in past 6 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
1 year | Teen mothers sample | 232 children | % = 97.40 | % = 95.80 | = 1.60 | HomVEE calculated = 0.30 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | In contrast to the study-reported results, HomVEE calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The HomVEE tests of statistical significance are based on the HomVEE calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA). |
| Child saw a doctor for well-baby care in past 6 months | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Teen mothers sample | 194 children | % = 87.10 | % = 92.10 | = -5.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.33 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | In contrast to the study-reported results, HomVEE calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The HomVEE tests of statistical significance are based on the HomVEE calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA). |
PAT Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence of ear infections | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 208 mothers | Unadjusted % = 0.70 | Unadjusted % = 0.79 | Mean difference = -0.09 | HomVEE calculated = -0.29 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Incidence of hearing problems | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 208 mothers | Unadjusted % = 0.08 | Unadjusted % = 0.07 | Mean difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Number of health problems children had experienced | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 208 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 4.85 | Unadjusted mean = 4.91 | Mean difference = -0.06 | HomVEE calculated = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | Authors report that significantly more program children experienced bronchitis attacks.
|
| Number of hospital admissions | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 208 mothers | Unadjusted % = 0.33 | Unadjusted % = 0.30 | Mean difference = 0.03 | HomVEE calculated = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Number of hospital visits | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 208 mothers | Unadjusted % = 0.64 | Unadjusted % = 0.72 | Mean difference = -0.08 | HomVEE calculated = -0.22 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Number of times children visited a hospital clinic | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 208 mothers | Unadjusted % = 0.42 | Unadjusted % = 0.51 | Mean difference = -0.09 | HomVEE calculated = -0.22 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Number of times children visited general practitioner | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 208 mothers | Unadjusted % = 0.00 | Unadjusted % = 0.00 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Number of times children visited health specialist | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 208 mothers | Unadjusted % = 0.54 | Unadjusted % = 0.51 | Mean difference = 0.03 | HomVEE calculated = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Number of times children visited other professional health service | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 208 mothers | Unadjusted % = 0.18 | Unadjusted % = 0.15 | Mean difference = 0.03 | HomVEE calculated = 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Total number of injuries | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 208 mothers | Unadjusted % = 0.42 | Unadjusted % = 0.38 | Mean difference = 0.04 | HomVEE calculated = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |